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寶雞鈦板廠家總結鈦金屬材料的鍛造方式
鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao)是對鈦金屬坯(pi)料(不含板材(cai)(cai))施加外(wai)力(li),使其產(chan)生塑性(xing)變形、改變尺(chi)寸、形狀及(ji)改善性(xing)能,用(yong)以制造(zao)機(ji)械零(ling)件(jian)、工(gong)件(jian)、工(gong)具或毛坯(pi)的(de)(de)成(cheng)形加工(gong)方(fang)法。此外(wai),根據滑(hua)塊(kuai)運動方(fang)式(shi)還(huan)有滑(hua)塊(kuai)垂直和水(shui)平運動(用(yong)于(yu)細長件(jian)的(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao)、潤(run)滑(hua)冷卻和高速生產(chan)的(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao))方(fang)式(shi)之分,利(li)用(yong)補償裝置可以增加其它方(fang)向的(de)(de)運動。上述方(fang)式(shi)不同(tong),所(suo)需的(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao)力(li)、工(gong)序、材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)率、產(chan)量、尺(chi)寸公(gong)差和潤(run)滑(hua)冷卻方(fang)式(shi)都不一樣,這些因素(su)也是影響自動化水(shui)平的(de)(de)因素(su)。
根據坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)的移(yi)動方式(shi)(shi),鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造可分為自由鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)、鐓(dui)粗、擠壓、模鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)、閉式(shi)(shi)模鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)、閉式(shi)(shi)鐓(dui)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)。閉式(shi)(shi)模鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)閉式(shi)(shi)鐓(dui)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)由于(yu)沒有飛邊,材料(liao)(liao)的利(li)用(yong)率就高。用(yong)一道工序或(huo)幾道工序就可能(neng)完(wan)成復雜鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)的精加工。由于(yu)沒有飛邊,鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)的受(shou)(shou)力面積(ji)(ji)就減(jian)(jian)少(shao),所需要的荷載也減(jian)(jian)少(shao)。但是,應注意不能(neng)使坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)完(wan)全受(shou)(shou)到限制(zhi),為此(ci)要嚴格(ge)控制(zhi)坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)的體(ti)積(ji)(ji),控制(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)模的相(xiang)對位置(zhi)和(he)對鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)測量,努力減(jian)(jian)少(shao)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)模的磨損。
根據鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)模(mo)的運動(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式,鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造又可(ke)分為(wei)擺(bai)(bai)輾、擺(bai)(bai)旋鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)、輥鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)、楔橫軋(ya)(ya)(ya)、輾環(huan)和斜軋(ya)(ya)(ya)等方(fang)(fang)式。擺(bai)(bai)輾、擺(bai)(bai)旋鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和輾環(huan)也可(ke)用精鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。為(wei)了提高材料(liao)的利用率,輥鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和橫軋(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)用作細長材料(liao)的前道工(gong)(gong)序加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。與自(zi)由鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)一樣的旋轉鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造也是(shi)局部成(cheng)形的,它(ta)的優點(dian)是(shi)與鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件尺寸相比,鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造力較(jiao)小情況下也可(ke)實現形成(cheng)。包括自(zi)由鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)在內的這種鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造方(fang)(fang)式,加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時材料(liao)從(cong)模(mo)具面附近向自(zi)由表(biao)面擴(kuo)展(zhan),因此,很難保證精準度,所以,將鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)模(mo)的運動(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)向和旋鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)工(gong)(gong)序用計算機控制,就可(ke)用較(jiao)低(di)的鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造力獲得(de)形狀復雜、精準度高的產(chan)品。